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The Saint Silvester Road Race (official name in (ポルトガル語:Corrida Internacional de São Silvestre)) is a long-distance running event, the oldest and most prestigious street race in Brazil. Regarded as the main international event in Latin American athletics, the Brazilian competition is held yearly in the city of São Paulo on December 31. This day is Saint Silvester's Day, as it is the day in which the Catholic saint, who was a Pope, died in the 4th century of the Christian Era. São Paulo's race was originally known as a "marathon", although the course of the race, whose length has varied considerably over the years, was never that of a full marathon. Because of that, the organization eventually dropped the term "marathon", starting to refer to the event as a "race", "international race" or "road race". There was never an official effort on the part of the organization to address the change in the nomenclature, which causes many, including some media outlets,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Google search:media outlets still use the term "Saint Silvester Marathon" )〕 to continue using the term "Saint Silvester Marathon" when referring to the event. Its course is only long, less than half the length of a marathon but the race is made more difficult by the intense heat of the Brazilian summer and the geographical obstacles that have to be surmounted by the athletes. Several other places like Amadora, Porto and Volta à cidade do Funchal in Portugal (''Corrida de São Silvestre''〔 (Rui Silva e Sara Moreira vencem São Silvestre do Porto ), Público (December 28, 2008)〕), Calderara di Reno (''Maratona di San Silvestro''〔 (Maratona di San Silvestro )〕) and Bolzano (''BOclassic'') in Italy, and Madrid in Spain (''San Silvestre Vallecana''), organize yearly Saint Silvester road races or marathons every late December. ==History== Cásper Líbero, a "media millionaire" of the early 20th century Brazil, is credited with originally coming up with the idea for the race. He used it as a means of promoting his newspaper. In 1928, the year of the race's 4th edition, he founded one of the first sports newspapers of the country, the ''Gazeta Esportiva'' (the ''Sportive Gazette''), which then became the race's official organizer and sponsor. The race would be the main advertising element of this sports newspaper. The race was held for the first time on December 31, 1925. Unlike most events as old or older, it has not been interrupted or suspended even once during its history, not even for the duration of World War II. Originally, it was intended for men only, and participation was restricted to citizens of the city of São Paulo. In the following years, runners from other parts of the country joined the race, but it was not until 1941 that a runner not from the city of São Paulo won the race: José Tibúrcio dos Santos, of Minas Gerais, another Brazilian state. At that time, the event was not yet open to foreign participation. That meant that athletes from other countries could not come in to participate, but foreigners residing in the city of São Paulo (immigrants) were free to enroll. Because of this, Italian Heitor Blasi was the only foreigner to have won the race before 1947. In 1945 the field was opened so that foreign runners could participate. The first international race was restricted to invited runners from South America, but the success of the first two "international events" led race organizers to open the event to the rest of the world in 1947. That year marked the beginning of a 34-year-long period during which no Brazilian man won the event, until José João da Silva, from Pernambuco, won in 1980 (he would repeat the feat in 1985). The event would remain a men-only affair until 1975, when the United Nations declared that year as the ''International Year of Women''. In commemoration of this, the race organizers held the women's race for the first time. The women's race started as an open event, and the first Brazilian victory would come only in its 20th edition (in 1995), when Carmem Oliveira won. Until december 31, 1982, a Globo Television Network is First broadcast on national television via satellite to the whole Brazil for Saint Silvester Road Race. Globo as television network formed in September 1, 1969 and national programming in 1975. Since 1993, a shorter race for children is held a few days before the main event (dubbed "São Silvestrinha", or "Little Saint Silvester" – a unisex event). Until 1988, the race took place at last night, approaching the New Year's, but the year of 1989 saw substantial changes in the race's format, in order to comply with the rules of the IAAF. The time of the race was altered for first afternoon (to 3:00 p.m. for women and 5:00 p.m. for men), the course direction was reversed, and men and women, who used to run together, had their races separated. In 1991, the length of the race was extended to 15,000 meters (the distance for the event used to vary almost yearly, usually between 6.5 km and 8.8 km). This variance needed to be corrected in order to meet the requirements of the Federation of Athletics. The race was recognized internationally in that year of 1989. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saint Silvester Road Race」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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